Bose-Einstein Condensate is

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solid state of matter

fifth state of matter

plasma

state of condensed matter

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UPSC CDS-2 – 2019

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Bose-Einstein Condensate (BEC) is considered a fifth state of matter, distinct from the common states of solid, liquid, gas, and plasma. It is formed when a gas of bosons is cooled to temperatures very near absolute zero, causing the particles to condense into the lowest quantum state, behaving as a single quantum mechanical entity.

Bose-Einstein Condensate represents a state of matter exhibiting unique quantum properties at extremely low temperatures.

The concept of BEC was predicted by Satyendra Nath Bose and Albert Einstein in the 1920s and first experimentally created in 1995 by Eric Cornell, Carl Wieman, and Wolfgang Ketterle, who shared the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2001 for this achievement. Plasma is often referred to as the fourth state of matter and exists at very high temperatures.

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