Blue Baby Syndrome is caused by the contamination of

by

Blue Baby Syndrome is caused by the contamination of

nitrite (NO<sub>2</sub><sup>-</sup>)
sulphite (SO<sub>3</sub><sup>2-</sup>)
nitrate (NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>)
sulphate (SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2-</sup>)
This question was previously asked in
UPSC CDS-2 – 2017
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The correct answer is nitrate (NO3–).
Blue Baby Syndrome, or methemoglobinemia, is primarily caused by the ingestion of water contaminated with high levels of nitrate. While nitrite (NO2–) is the substance that directly causes the conversion of hemoglobin to methemoglobin in the blood, the environmental contaminant commonly responsible, especially in drinking water from agricultural areas, is nitrate. Nitrate is converted to nitrite by bacteria in the digestive system, particularly in infants, leading to the syndrome.
Infants under six months are particularly susceptible because their digestive systems are more prone to converting nitrate to nitrite, and they have a less developed enzyme system to counteract methemoglobin formation. Sources of nitrate contamination in water often include fertilizer runoff, septic systems, and manure storage.

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