Assume there to be some foodstuff that is sufficient for a team for $x

Assume there to be some foodstuff that is sufficient for a team for $x$ number of days. After 20 days, 25% of team members happen to quit. It is observed that the remaining foodstuff is sufficient to feed the remaining members for another $x$ number of days. What is the value of $x$?

80
72
60
40
This question was previously asked in
UPSC CISF-AC-EXE – 2024
The correct answer is 80.
This is a variation of a work/provision problem. The total amount of food is proportional to the number of team members multiplied by the number of days it lasts.
Let the initial number of team members be M.
The food is sufficient for M members for x days. Total food “units” can be represented as M * x.
After 20 days, the M members have consumed food for 20 days. The food consumed is M * 20 units.
The remaining food units = (Initial food) – (Food consumed) = M * x – M * 20 = M(x – 20).
After 20 days, 25% of the team members quit.
The remaining number of team members = M – 25% of M = M – 0.25M = 0.75M.
It is observed that the remaining food is sufficient to feed the remaining members (0.75M) for another x number of days.
So, the remaining food units can also be represented as (Remaining members) * (Number of additional days) = (0.75M) * x.
Equating the two expressions for the remaining food:
M(x – 20) = 0.75M * x
Since M represents the number of members, M must be greater than 0 (otherwise there is no team or food). We can divide both sides by M:
x – 20 = 0.75x
Now, solve for x:
x – 0.75x = 20
0.25x = 20
x = 20 / 0.25
x = 20 / (1/4)
x = 20 * 4
x = 80.
This type of problem relies on the principle that the total amount of work (or food) is directly proportional to the number of workers (or members) and the time they work (or are fed). If N workers can do a job in D days, the total work is N*D units. Similarly, if N members have food for D days, the total food is N*D units. When the number of workers or the duration changes, the total work or remaining work can be related using this principle.