The correct answer is: B. The promotion of people’s welfare by him.
Ashoka the Great was the third emperor of the Mauryan Empire, reigning from 272 to 232 BCE. He is best known for his military conquests, which extended the Mauryan Empire to include most of the Indian subcontinent. However, Ashoka is also remembered for his promotion of Buddhism and his efforts to improve the welfare of his subjects.
Ashoka’s military conquests were extensive. He defeated the Kalinga kingdom in 261 BCE, and his empire eventually included most of the Indian subcontinent. However, Ashoka was deeply troubled by the bloodshed and suffering that his conquests caused. After the Kalinga War, he renounced violence and adopted Buddhism. He promoted Buddhism throughout his empire, and he built many Buddhist stupas and monasteries.
Ashoka also made efforts to improve the welfare of his subjects. He built hospitals, roads, and wells. He also established a system of justice that was fair and impartial. Ashoka’s reign was a time of peace and prosperity for the Mauryan Empire.
Ashoka’s promotion of people’s welfare is his prime claim to greatness. He was a wise and compassionate ruler who cared deeply about the well-being of his subjects. He was also a devout Buddhist who promoted peace and non-violence. Ashoka’s legacy is one of peace, prosperity, and religious tolerance.
Option A is incorrect because Ashoka’s extensive conquests were not his prime claim to greatness. While his military victories were impressive, he is best remembered for his promotion of Buddhism and his efforts to improve the welfare of his subjects.
Option C is incorrect because Ashoka’s marathon army was not his prime claim to greatness. While his army was large and well-trained, it was not the most important factor in his success.
Option D is incorrect because Ashoka’s exclusive patronage of Buddhism was not his prime claim to greatness. While he was a devout Buddhist, he also promoted other religions and allowed his subjects to practice their faith freely.