The correct answer is: A. Central value and dispersion
Central value is a measure of the location of the center of a data set. It can be the mean, median, or mode. Dispersion is a measure of the spread of the data around the central value. It can be the range, standard deviation, or variance.
Central value and dispersion are the two most important characteristics of a data set. They can be used to distinguish one data set from another. For example, if we have two data sets, one with a mean of 5 and a standard deviation of 2, and the other with a mean of 10 and a standard deviation of 4, we can say that the first data set is more concentrated around the mean than the second data set.
The other options are not as important as central value and dispersion. Skewness is a measure of the asymmetry of a data set. Kurtosis is a measure of the peakedness of a data set. These measures are not as useful for distinguishing one data set from another.
In conclusion, the correct answer is: A. Central value and dispersion