Arrange the following events in the descending order of their evolution. 1. Scientific management 2. Operation research 3. Hawthorne experiments 4. System approach 5. Contingency approach

The correct answer is: A. 2, 5, 4, 3, 1

• Scientific management was developed by Frederick Taylor in the early 1900s. It is a theory of management that emphasizes the use of scientific methods to improve efficiency and productivity.
• Operation research is a discipline that uses scientific methods to solve complex problems in the management of organizations. It was developed during World War II to help the Allies solve logistical problems.
• The Hawthorne experiments were a series of studies conducted at the Hawthorne Works of the Western Electric Company in the late 1920s and early 1930s. The experiments were designed to study the effects of various workplace conditions on worker productivity.
• The system approach is a holistic view of organizations that emphasizes the interrelationships between different parts of the organization. It was developed in the 1950s and 1960s.
• The contingency approach is a management theory that emphasizes the importance of adapting management practices to the specific situation. It was developed in the 1960s and 1970s.

Here is a brief explanation of each option:

• Option A: This option is the correct answer. It correctly orders the events in the descending order of their evolution.
• Option B: This option is incorrect. It orders the events in the following order: 1, 3, 2, 4, 5. This order is incorrect because scientific management was developed before the Hawthorne experiments.
• Option C: This option is incorrect. It orders the events in the following order: 5, 2, 4, 3, 1. This order is incorrect because the Hawthorne experiments were conducted before operation research.
• Option D: This option is incorrect. It orders the events in the following order: 4, 5, 2, 3, 1. This order is incorrect because the system approach was developed after operation research.