. . . . . . . . are costs which have been applied against revenue of particular accounting period.

The correct answer is A. Expenses.

Expenses are costs that are incurred in the course of generating revenue. They are deducted from revenue to arrive at net income. Common expenses include cost of goods sold, salaries, rent, and utilities.

Income is the amount of money that a company earns from its business activities. It is calculated by subtracting expenses from revenue.

Loss is the opposite of income. It occurs when expenses are greater than revenue.

None of these is not a correct answer.