The correct answer is: Neolithic settlement.
Chirand is a village in Saran district in the Indian state of Bihar. It is located on the banks of the Ganges River, about 100 kilometers from Patna. The site was first excavated in 1961 by the Archaeological Survey of India. The excavations revealed a large number of artifacts, including pottery, stone tools, and terracotta figurines. The artifacts date back to the Neolithic period, between 6000 and 2000 BCE.
The Neolithic settlement at Chirand was a small village with a population of about 100 people. The people lived in mud-brick houses and raised crops such as rice, wheat, and barley. They also hunted and gathered wild animals. The people of Chirand were skilled potters and made a variety of pottery, including bowls, jars, and dishes. They also made stone tools, such as axes, knives, and arrowheads.
The discovery of the Neolithic settlement at Chirand is significant because it provides evidence of the earliest human habitation in the region. The site also provides insights into the lives of the people who lived there, including their diet, their technology, and their social organization.
The other options are incorrect because they do not accurately describe the archaeological findings at Chirand. The Harappan Civilization was a Bronze Age civilization that flourished in the Indus Valley from about 2600 to 1900 BCE. The Chalcolithic culture was a Copper Age culture that flourished in the Indian subcontinent from about 3300 to 1300 BCE. The Mauryan Empire was an Iron Age empire that ruled over much of the Indian subcontinent from about 322 to 185 BCE.