The correct answer is: B. environmental pollution
Environmental pollution is the contamination of the physical and biological components of the Earth/atmosphere system to such an extent that normal environmental processes are adversely affected. Pollution can take the form of chemical substances or energy, such as noise, heat or light. Pollutants, the components of pollution, can be either foreign substances/energies or naturally occurring contaminants. Pollution is often classed as point source or nonpoint source pollution. Air pollution, water pollution, soil contamination, noise pollution and light pollution are some of the different types of environmental pollution.
Eutrophication is the process by which a body of water becomes enriched in nutrients, particularly phosphorus and nitrogen. This process can lead to the growth of excessive amounts of algae and other aquatic plants, a condition known as an algal bloom. Algal blooms can block sunlight from reaching other aquatic plants and animals, and can also produce toxins that can harm humans and other animals.
Biomagnification is the increase in concentration of a substance, such as a pesticide, in an organism as it moves up the food chain. This occurs because the substance is not broken down or excreted by the organism, and so it builds up in the tissues. Biomagnification can lead to high levels of the substance in predators, such as birds and fish, which can be harmful to their health.
Bioaccumulation is the accumulation of a substance in an organism over time. This can occur through exposure to the substance in the environment, or through ingestion of food that contains the substance. Bioaccumulation can lead to high levels of the substance in the organism, which can be harmful to its health.
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