Antibiotic such as penicillin blocks

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Antibiotic such as penicillin blocks

cell wall formation in bacteria
RNA synthesis in bacteria
DNA synthesis in bacteria
division in bacteria
This question was previously asked in
UPSC CDS-2 – 2020
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Antibiotics such as penicillin work by interfering with the synthesis of the bacterial cell wall, specifically the peptidoglycan layer.
Penicillin inhibits the transpeptidase enzymes (also known as penicillin-binding proteins or PBPs) that cross-link the peptidoglycan chains, which are essential for the structural integrity of the bacterial cell wall. This weakens the wall, leading to cell lysis (bursting) due to osmotic pressure.
Different classes of antibiotics target different processes in bacteria, such as protein synthesis (e.g., tetracyclines, erythromycin), DNA synthesis (e.g., quinolones), RNA synthesis (e.g., rifampicin), or metabolic pathways (e.g., sulfonamides).

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