The correct answer is: D. both a and b
Overtime is considered in cost accounting as both indirect costs and overhead costs.
- Indirect costs are costs that cannot be easily traced to a specific product or service. Overtime is an indirect cost because it is not directly related to the production of a specific product or service.
- Overhead costs are costs that are incurred in the overall operation of a business, but are not directly related to the production of a specific product or service. Overtime is an overhead cost because it is incurred in the overall operation of a business, but is not directly related to the production of a specific product or service.
Here are some examples of other indirect costs and overhead costs:
- Depreciation
- Rent
- Utilities
- Insurance
- Marketing
- Sales
- Administration
- Human resources
- Accounting
- Legal
- IT
Overtime is a cost that is incurred when employees work more than their regular hours. This can be due to a number of factors, such as increased demand for products or services, unexpected delays, or staffing shortages. Overtime can be a significant cost for businesses, and it is important to manage it effectively.
There are a number of ways to manage overtime costs. One way is to schedule employees to work overtime only when it is absolutely necessary. Another way is to offer employees incentives to work overtime, such as bonuses or time off. Businesses can also try to reduce the amount of overtime that is needed by improving efficiency and productivity.
Overtime can be a valuable tool for businesses, but it is important to use it wisely. By managing overtime costs effectively, businesses can avoid unnecessary expenses and improve their bottom line.