An elderly person while trying to read a book at about 25 cm from the

An elderly person while trying to read a book at about 25 cm from the eyes finds the image appears blurred because of the decreasing effectiveness of the ciliary muscles and the loss of flexibility of the lens. This defect of the eyes is called

myopia
astigmatism
hypermetropia
presbyopia
This question was previously asked in
UPSC CAPF – 2011
The described eye defect is called presbyopia.
Presbyopia is a common age-related condition that reduces the eye’s ability to focus on close objects. It occurs because the lens of the eye hardens and loses flexibility, and the muscles surrounding the lens become less effective at changing the lens’s shape for focusing on near vision (a process called accommodation). This results in blurred vision when reading or doing other close-up tasks.
Myopia (nearsightedness) is difficulty seeing distant objects clearly. Astigmatism is a refractive error causing blurred vision at all distances due to an irregularly shaped cornea or lens. Hypermetropia (farsightedness) is difficulty seeing near objects clearly, often due to the eyeball being too short or the cornea being too flat, but presbyopia is specifically the age-related loss of accommodation.