An amount is adequate to pay salaries to R for 20 days or to S for 30

An amount is adequate to pay salaries to R for 20 days or to S for 30 days. For how many days is the money enough to cover salaries of both of them together?

[amp_mcq option1=”12 days” option2=”15 days” option3=”11 days” option4=”20 days” correct=”option1″]

This question was previously asked in
UPSC CISF-AC-EXE – 2024
The correct answer is 12 days.
This is a work and time problem. We can determine the efficiency (or daily work rate) of R and S based on the number of days they take to complete the work (pay salaries).
Let the total amount of money (representing the total work) be M.
R can be paid for 20 days with M. So, R’s daily salary (work rate) = M/20 per day.
S can be paid for 30 days with M. So, S’s daily salary (work rate) = M/30 per day.
If both R and S are paid together, their combined daily salary is R’s daily salary + S’s daily salary = M/20 + M/30.
To find how many days (let’s call this D) the money M will last for both, we set M equal to the combined daily salary multiplied by D:
M = (M/20 + M/30) * D
Divide both sides by M (assuming M > 0):
1 = (1/20 + 1/30) * D
Find a common denominator for 1/20 and 1/30, which is 60:
1/20 + 1/30 = 3/60 + 2/60 = 5/60 = 1/12.
So, 1 = (1/12) * D
Multiply by 12 to find D:
D = 12 days.
This problem can also be viewed as calculating the time taken by two individuals to complete a task together, given the time each takes individually. If R takes ‘a’ days and S takes ‘b’ days, the time taken together is given by the formula $\frac{1}{\frac{1}{a} + \frac{1}{b}} = \frac{ab}{a+b}$. In this case, a=20 and b=30. Time together = $\frac{20 \times 30}{20 + 30} = \frac{600}{50} = 12$ days.
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