Aluminium, Iron, Copper and Zinc are extracted from

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Bauxite, Magnetite, Malachite and Calamine respectively

Magnetite, Bauxite, Malachite and Calamine respectively

Calamine, Malachite, Magnetite and Bauxite respectively

Malachite, Magnetite, Bauxite and Calamine respectively

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UPSC CAPF – 2019

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The correct option is A.

Aluminium is primarily extracted from Bauxite ore (hydrated aluminium oxide, Al₂O₃·nH₂O). Iron is commonly extracted from Magnetite (Fe₃O₄) or Hematite (Fe₂O₃). Copper is extracted from various ores, including Malachite (copper carbonate hydroxide, Cu₂(CO₃)(OH)₂) and Chalcopyrite (CuFeS₂). Zinc is extracted from ores like Calamine (Zinc Carbonate, ZnCO₃) or Sphalerite (Zinc Sulphide, ZnS). Option A correctly matches each metal with one of its principal ores in the specified order: Aluminium (Bauxite), Iron (Magnetite), Copper (Malachite), and Zinc (Calamine).

Other important ores for Iron include Hematite, Limonite, and Siderite. Besides Malachite, Cuprite and Azurite are also important copper ores. Sphalerite is another major zinc ore. The extraction processes for these metals involve various stages like mining, concentration, roasting, smelting, and refining.

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