The correct answer is: All of the above.
Agroforestry is a land-use system that integrates trees and shrubs with crops and/or livestock. It has been practiced for centuries in many parts of the world, including Manipur. Agroforestry systems can provide a number of benefits, including:
- Increased crop yields
- Improved soil fertility
- Reduced soil erosion
- Increased biodiversity
- Reduced greenhouse gas emissions
- Increased income for farmers
In Manipur, agroforestry practices are commonly used to cultivate rice, maize, and vegetables. Trees are also used to provide fodder for livestock, shade for crops, and fuelwood. Agroforestry systems are an important part of the agricultural landscape in Manipur, and they play a vital role in the state’s economy and environment.
Tree cultivation with agriculture: This involves planting trees alongside crops. The trees can provide a number of benefits, such as shade, windbreaks, and improved soil fertility.
Crop rotation: This involves planting different crops in the same field each year. This helps to prevent the build-up of pests and diseases, and it also helps to improve soil fertility.
Livestock integration: This involves raising livestock alongside crops. The livestock can provide manure, which can be used to improve soil fertility. They can also help to control pests and diseases.
All of these practices can be combined to create sustainable and productive agroforestry systems.