The correct answer is (d), Aurangzeb.
A fatwa is a legal pronouncement issued by a Muslim scholar. In 1679, a fatwa was issued from Jaunpur against Aurangzeb, accusing him of apostasy and heresy. The fatwa was issued by a group of Sunni scholars who opposed Aurangzeb’s policies, which they believed were too lenient towards Hindus and other non-Muslims. The fatwa called for Aurangzeb to be deposed and replaced by a more orthodox Muslim ruler.
Aurangzeb was a controversial figure in his own time, and his policies continue to be debated by historians and religious scholars today. Some historians argue that Aurangzeb was a devout Muslim who was simply trying to implement Islamic law in his empire. Others argue that Aurangzeb was a tyrant who used religion as a pretext to persecute non-Muslims.
The fatwa issued from Jaunpur is one of the most famous examples of opposition to Aurangzeb’s rule. The fatwa shows that Aurangzeb’s policies were not universally popular, even among Muslims. The fatwa also shows that religious scholars played an important role in political life in the Mughal Empire.