. . . . . . . adequate preemptive action to avert this tragedy?

Would you not be taking
Would you have not taken
Shall you not have taken
Should you not have taken

The correct answer is: D. Should you not have taken

The other options are incorrect because they do not make sense in the context of the question.

  • Would you not be taking is in the present tense, but the question is about past events.
  • Would you have not taken is also in the past tense, but it uses the negative form, which is not necessary in this context.
  • Shall you not have taken is in the future tense, but the question is about past events.

The correct answer, should you not have taken, is in the past tense and uses the modal verb “should,” which indicates that the action was something that should have been done but was not.

In this case, the question is asking whether the speaker should have taken adequate preemptive action to avert the tragedy. The answer is yes, the speaker should have taken action.