The correct answer is (c) 17.64%.
The decadal growth rate of population during 2001-2011 in India is the percentage change in the population of India between the 2001 and 2011 censuses. The provisional figures of the 2011 Census show that the population of India increased from 1,028,610,390 in 2001 to 1,210,193,422 in 2011, an increase of 17.64%.
The decadal growth rate of population during 2001-2011 in India was lower than the decadal growth rate of population during 1991-2001, which was 21.53%. This is due to a number of factors, including a decline in the fertility rate, an increase in the age at marriage, and an increase in the number of people living in urban areas.
The decline in the fertility rate is due to a number of factors, including the increasing availability of contraception, the increasing participation of women in the workforce, and the increasing cost of raising children. The increase in the age at marriage is due to a number of factors, including the increasing educational attainment of women, the increasing availability of employment opportunities for women, and the changing social norms regarding marriage. The increase in the number of people living in urban areas is due to a number of factors, including the increasing availability of jobs in urban areas, the increasing infrastructure in urban areas, and the increasing demand for housing in urban areas.
The lower decadal growth rate of population during 2001-2011 in India is a positive development, as it will help to reduce the pressure on natural resources and infrastructure. It will also help to improve the quality of life for the people of India, as there will be more resources available per capita.