The correct answer is (b) 17.70.
The population of India as per the 2011 census was 1,210,193,422. The population of India as per the 2001 census was 1,028,610,328. The percentage growth of population in the country during the period of 2001-2011 is given by:
(1210193422 – 1028610328) / 1028610328 * 100 = 17.70%
The other options are incorrect. Option (a) is incorrect because the percentage growth of population in the country during the period of 2001-2011 is not 31.34%. Option (c) is incorrect because the percentage growth of population in the country during the period of 2001-2011 is not 13.31%. Option (d) is incorrect because the percentage growth of population in the country during the period of 2001-2011 is not 23.85%.