‘A’ was at work with a hatchet with full precautions. While working, t

‘A’ was at work with a hatchet with full precautions. While working, the head of the hatchet flies off and kills a man who was standing nearby. ‘A’ has committed no crime under which one of the following Sections of the Indian Penal Code, 1860 ?

Section 80
Section 81
Section 86
Section 89
This question was previously asked in
UPSC CISF-AC-EXE – 2018
The scenario describes an act done by ‘A’ with full precautions, resulting in an accidental death when the hatchet head flies off. This falls under the general exception of ‘Accident’ in the Indian Penal Code, 1860.
Section 80 of the IPC states that “Nothing is an offence which is done by accident or misfortune, and without any criminal intention or knowledge in the doing of a lawful act in a lawful manner, by lawful means, and with proper care and caution.” ‘A’ was engaged in a lawful act (working with a tool) in a lawful manner (“with full precautions” – implying proper care and caution). The death was caused by an accident or misfortune (hatchet head flying off) without criminal intention or knowledge. Therefore, under Section 80, ‘A’ has committed no crime.
Section 81 applies when an act is done to prevent other harm. Section 86 relates to offences committed while intoxicated. Section 89 relates to acts done for the benefit of a child or insane person with guardian’s consent. None of these apply to the given scenario.