The correct answer is D. all of the above.
A shaded pole motor is a type of single-phase induction motor that has two poles, one of which is shaded. The shaded pole is created by a copper ring that is placed around part of the stator winding. This creates a magnetic field that is out of phase with the main magnetic field, which causes the motor to start and run.
A shaded pole motor does not have a centrifugal switch, capacitor, or commutator. A centrifugal switch is a device that is used to disconnect the motor from the power supply when it reaches a certain speed. A capacitor is used to improve the starting torque of the motor. A commutator is a device that is used to reverse the current in the motor’s windings, which causes the motor to rotate in the opposite direction.
Shaded pole motors are simple and inexpensive to manufacture, and they are often used in small appliances and tools. They are also used in some larger applications, such as fans and pumps.