A rise in general level of prices may be caused by 1. an increase in

A rise in general level of prices may be caused by

  • 1. an increase in the money supply
  • 2. a decrease in the aggregate level of output
  • 3. an increase in the effective demand

Select the correct answer using the codes given below.

1 only
1 and 2 only
2 and 3 only
1, 2 and 3
This question was previously asked in
UPSC IAS – 2013
All three factors listed can cause a rise in the general level of prices (inflation).
1. An increase in the money supply, if not matched by a proportional increase in output, leads to too much money chasing too few goods, causing demand-pull inflation.
2. A decrease in the aggregate level of output, with demand remaining constant or increasing, creates scarcity relative to demand, leading to cost-push or supply-side inflation.
3. An increase in effective demand (aggregate demand) that exceeds the available supply leads to demand-pull inflation.
Inflation is a complex phenomenon influenced by various factors. These three points represent fundamental drivers: monetary factors (money supply), supply-side factors (output level), and demand-side factors (aggregate demand). Often, inflation is a result of a combination of these factors.