The correct answer is: d) All of the above
Land reforms are necessary to ensure that farmers have access to land that is suitable for agriculture and that they have the right to use that land. Promotion of organic farming can help to improve soil health and reduce the use of pesticides and fertilizers, which can be harmful to the environment. Access to credit and markets can help farmers to get the resources they need to produce food and to sell their products at a fair price.
Here is a brief explanation of each option:
- Land reforms are changes to the way that land is owned and used. They can include measures such as redistribution of land, consolidation of smallholdings, and provision of land titles. Land reforms can help to improve agricultural productivity by giving farmers access to more land, by making it easier for them to get credit, and by reducing the risk of landlessness.
- Promotion of organic farming is the encouragement of farmers to use organic methods of production. Organic farming methods do not use synthetic pesticides, fertilizers, or genetically modified organisms. They can help to improve soil health, reduce the use of chemicals, and produce food that is safe for human consumption.
- Access to credit and markets is the ability of farmers to get the money they need to produce food and to sell their products at a fair price. Farmers need access to credit to buy seeds, fertilizer, and other inputs. They also need access to markets to sell their products. Without access to credit and markets, farmers are often unable to produce enough food to meet their own needs or to sell their products at a profit.
In conclusion, all of the options listed in the question are necessary to improve agricultural productivity in Nagaland. Land reforms, promotion of organic farming, and access to credit and markets are all important components of a comprehensive agricultural reform program.