The correct answer is A. Deductive Reasoning.
Deductive reasoning is a type of reasoning in which a conclusion is based on the premises. The premises are statements that are assumed to be true, and the conclusion is a statement that follows logically from the premises.
Inductive reasoning is a type of reasoning in which a conclusion is based on evidence. The evidence is observations that are made, and the conclusion is a statement that is likely to be true, but is not certain.
Abnormal reasoning is a type of reasoning that is not based on logic or evidence. It is often based on intuition or emotion.
Transcendental reasoning is a type of reasoning that is based on the idea that there is a higher reality that is beyond the physical world. It is often used in philosophy and religion.
Here is an example of deductive reasoning:
Premise 1: All men are mortal.
Premise 2: Socrates is a man.
Conclusion: Therefore, Socrates is mortal.
In this example, the premises are assumed to be true, and the conclusion follows logically from the premises. Therefore, the conclusion is also true.
Here is an example of inductive reasoning:
Premise 1: I have observed that the sun has risen every day in the past.
Premise 2: There is no evidence to suggest that the sun will not rise tomorrow.
Conclusion: Therefore, the sun is likely to rise tomorrow.
In this example, the premises are based on evidence, but the conclusion is not certain. It is possible that the sun will not rise tomorrow, but the evidence suggests that it is likely to do so.
Here is an example of abnormal reasoning:
Premise 1: I feel lucky today.
Conclusion: Therefore, I am going to win the lottery.
In this example, the conclusion does not follow logically from the premise. It is possible that the person will win the lottery, but their feeling of luck is not evidence that they will do so.
Here is an example of transcendental reasoning:
Premise 1: The universe is complex and orderly.
Conclusion: Therefore, there must be a higher power that created the universe.
In this example, the conclusion does not follow logically from the premise. It is possible that the universe was created by a higher power, but the complexity and order of the universe is not evidence that it was.