A person throws an object on a horizontal frictionless plane surface.

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A person throws an object on a horizontal frictionless plane surface. It is noticed that there are two forces acting on this object—(i) gravitational pull and (ii) normal reaction of the surface. According to the third law of motion, the net resultant force is zero. Which one of the following can be said for the motion of the object?

The object will move with acceleration.
The object will move with deceleration.
The object will move with constant speed, but varying direction.
The object will move with constant velocity.
This question was previously asked in
UPSC CDS-2 – 2017
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On a horizontal frictionless plane, the vertical forces (gravitational pull and normal reaction) are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction, resulting in zero net force in the vertical direction. If the object is thrown, it has an initial horizontal velocity. Since the plane is frictionless, there is no horizontal force (ignoring air resistance).
According to Newton’s first law of motion, an object in motion will stay in motion with the same speed and in the same direction unless acted upon by an unbalanced force. With zero net force acting on the object in both vertical and horizontal directions, its velocity (magnitude and direction) remains constant.
The third law of motion states that for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. While it ensures that forces exist in pairs (e.g., Earth pulls the object down, object pulls Earth up; surface pushes object up, object pushes surface down), it doesn’t imply the *net resultant force on the object itself* is zero unless the forces acting *on that object* happen to be balanced. In this scenario, the forces *on the object* (gravity and normal reaction) are balanced vertically, and there are no horizontal forces, resulting in zero net force on the object, leading to constant velocity.

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