The correct answer is: c) Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) like diabetes.
Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are a group of diseases that are not caused by an infection. They are caused by a combination of genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors. NCDs include heart disease, stroke, cancer, chronic respiratory diseases, and diabetes.
Sikkim has a high prevalence of NCDs. In 2016, the prevalence of diabetes in Sikkim was 10.3%, which is higher than the national average of 7.2%. The prevalence of hypertension in Sikkim was 25.3%, which is also higher than the national average of 22.8%.
There are a number of factors that contribute to the high prevalence of NCDs in Sikkim. These include:
- A sedentary lifestyle: Sikkim has a high proportion of people who are physically inactive. This is due to a number of factors, including the mountainous terrain, the cold climate, and the long working hours.
- An unhealthy diet: The traditional Sikkimese diet is high in carbohydrates and low in fruits, vegetables, and fiber. This diet is not conducive to good health.
- Smoking: Smoking is a major risk factor for heart disease, stroke, and cancer. The prevalence of smoking in Sikkim is high, particularly among men.
- Alcohol consumption: Alcohol consumption is another major risk factor for NCDs. The prevalence of alcohol consumption in Sikkim is high, particularly among men.
The high prevalence of NCDs in Sikkim is a major public health concern. NCDs are the leading cause of death in Sikkim, accounting for more than 60% of all deaths. NCDs also place a heavy burden on the economy, as they lead to lost productivity and increased healthcare costs.
There are a number of things that can be done to address the high prevalence of NCDs in Sikkim. These include:
- Promoting a healthy lifestyle: This includes encouraging people to be physically active, eat a healthy diet, and avoid smoking and alcohol consumption.
- Providing access to quality healthcare: This includes screening for NCDs, providing treatment for NCDs, and providing support to people with NCDs.
- Raising awareness about NCDs: This includes educating people about the risks of NCDs, the symptoms of NCDs, and the importance of early detection and treatment.
Addressing the high prevalence of NCDs in Sikkim is a complex challenge. However, it is a challenge that must be met, as NCDs are a major threat to the health and well-being of the people of Sikkim.