The correct answer is A) Holistic and integrated education.
The National Education Policy 2020 (NEP 2020) is a policy document that outlines the vision and framework for education in India. The NEP 2020 emphasizes holistic and integrated education, which means that education should focus on the development of the whole child, including their physical, emotional, social, and intellectual well-being. The NEP 2020 also emphasizes the importance of creativity, innovation, and critical thinking in education.
Rote learning is a method of learning in which students are expected to memorize information without understanding it. Rote learning is often used in traditional education systems, but it has been criticized for being ineffective and for not promoting critical thinking.
Centralized curriculum is a curriculum that is developed and implemented by the government. Centralized curricula are often used in countries with large populations, such as India. However, centralized curricula can be inflexible and may not meet the needs of all students.
Emphasis on standardized testing is a focus on testing students’ knowledge and skills through standardized tests. Standardized tests are often used to assess student achievement and to compare students to each other. However, standardized tests can be stressful for students and may not accurately reflect their learning.
In conclusion, the correct answer to the question “A focus area of the National Education Policy 2020:” is A) Holistic and integrated education.