The correct answer is: B. Quasi-rent
Quasi-rent is a temporary economic rent that arises when the supply of a factor of production is fixed in the short run. This means that the factor of production cannot be increased or decreased in the short run, even if the price of the factor changes. As a result, the owners of the factor of production are able to earn a higher return than they would if the supply of the factor were not fixed.
Surplus value is the difference between the value of the output produced by a factor of production and the cost of producing that output. Surplus value is often seen as a form of exploitation, as it is the difference between the value that workers create and the wages that they are paid.
Transfer earnings are the earnings that a factor of production would receive in its next-best alternative use. Transfer earnings are not considered to be economic rent, as they are not a result of market power or scarcity.
Super normal profits are profits that are above the normal rate of return. Super normal profits can arise due to market power, innovation, or luck.
In conclusion, quasi-rent is the correct answer because it is a temporary economic rent that arises when the supply of a factor of production is fixed in the short run.