The correct answer is: B) Health Index.
The Human Development Index (HDI) is a composite statistic of life expectancy, education, and per capita income indicators, which are used to rank countries into four tiers of human development. A component of the HDI that uses life expectancy at birth is the Health Index.
The Health Index is a measure of the average health of a population. It is calculated by taking the average of life expectancy at birth and the percentage of the population that has access to basic healthcare services. The Health Index is an important component of the HDI because it reflects the overall health of a population and its ability to provide basic healthcare services to its citizens.
The other options are incorrect because they do not use life expectancy at birth. The Education Index is a measure of the average level of education in a population. It is calculated by taking the average of the literacy rate and the gross enrollment ratio in secondary education. The Income Index is a measure of the average income of a population. It is calculated by taking the logarithm of the gross national income per capita. The Standard of Living Index is a measure of the quality of life in a population. It is calculated by taking the average of the Health Index, the Education Index, and the Income Index.