The correct answer is: All of the above.
Lack of qualified teachers is a major challenge to education in Mizoram. According to a report by the National University of Educational Planning and Administration (NUEPA), there is a shortage of 1,300 teachers in government schools in Mizoram. This shortage is particularly acute in rural areas, where there are only 10 teachers per 1,000 students, compared to 15 teachers per 1,000 students in urban areas. The shortage of teachers is due to a number of factors, including low salaries, poor working conditions, and lack of opportunities for professional development.
Limited infrastructure in rural areas is another major challenge to education in Mizoram. Many rural schools lack basic facilities such as classrooms, toilets, and drinking water. This lack of infrastructure makes it difficult for students to learn and teachers to teach. In addition, many rural schools are located in remote areas, which makes it difficult for students to access them.
High dropout rates are also a major challenge to education in Mizoram. According to the NUEPA report, the dropout rate in Mizoram is 15%, which is higher than the national average of 11%. The high dropout rate is due to a number of factors, including poverty, lack of interest in education, and early marriage.
The challenges to education in Mizoram are complex and interrelated. It is important to address all of these challenges in order to improve the quality of education in the state.