The correct answer is: d) All of the above
Here is a brief explanation of each option:
- Farmers’ reliance on traditional practices
Mizo farmers have traditionally grown a variety of crops, including rice, maize, millet, and vegetables. However, in recent years, there has been a decline in the cultivation of traditional crops, as farmers have switched to growing cash crops such as rubber and tea. This shift has been driven by a number of factors, including the increasing demand for cash crops, the availability of government subsidies, and the decline in the prices of traditional crops.
The reliance on traditional practices can be a challenge to modifying cropping patterns, as farmers may be reluctant to change their methods. They may be concerned that new crops will not be as successful as traditional crops, or that they will not be able to adapt to new methods of cultivation.
- Limited availability of suitable land
Mizoram is a mountainous state with a limited amount of arable land. This is due to the fact that much of the state is covered by forests or steep slopes. The limited availability of suitable land can make it difficult to expand the cultivation of new crops.
- Lack of market access for new crops
Even if farmers are willing to adopt new cropping patterns, they may not be able to sell their produce if there is no market for it. This is a particular problem for farmers in remote areas, who may not have access to good roads or transportation links.
The lack of market access can make it difficult for farmers to make a profit from new crops. This can discourage them from adopting new practices, as they may not see the potential benefits.
In conclusion, all of the options listed in the question can be challenges to modifying cropping patterns in Mizoram. These challenges need to be addressed in order to promote the adoption of new crops and practices.