The correct answer is: All of the above.
Limited land availability is a major challenge for horticulture development in Mizoram. The state has a population density of over 200 people per square kilometer, which is one of the highest in India. This means that there is a lot of pressure on land for other uses, such as agriculture and housing. As a result, there is limited land available for horticulture development.
Lack of post-harvest infrastructure is another major challenge for horticulture development in Mizoram. The state does not have adequate cold storage facilities, processing plants, and transportation facilities to handle the large volume of horticultural produce that is produced. As a result, a lot of produce is wasted due to spoilage.
Climate variability is also a challenge for horticulture development in Mizoram. The state experiences a humid subtropical climate with hot, humid summers and cool, dry winters. The monsoon rains are erratic and can cause flooding and landslides. As a result, it is difficult to grow certain crops in Mizoram.
In conclusion, the challenges for horticulture development in Mizoram are limited land availability, lack of post-harvest infrastructure, and climate variability. These challenges need to be addressed in order to promote the development of the horticulture sector in the state.
Here are some additional details about each of the challenges:
- Limited land availability: As mentioned above, Mizoram has a population density of over 200 people per square kilometer. This means that there is a lot of pressure on land for other uses, such as agriculture and housing. As a result, there is limited land available for horticulture development. This is a major challenge because land is essential for growing crops.
- Lack of post-harvest infrastructure: Mizoram does not have adequate cold storage facilities, processing plants, and transportation facilities to handle the large volume of horticultural produce that is produced. As a result, a lot of produce is wasted due to spoilage. This is a major challenge because it means that farmers are not getting a good return on their investment.
- Climate variability: Mizoram experiences a humid subtropical climate with hot, humid summers and cool, dry winters. The monsoon rains are erratic and can cause flooding and landslides. As a result, it is difficult to grow certain crops in Mizoram. This is a major challenge because it means that farmers are not able to grow the crops that are most profitable.