The correct answer is D) All of the above.
Kerala’s Panchayats face a number of challenges, including inadequate funding, limited capacity, and political interference.
Inadequate funding is a major challenge for Kerala’s Panchayats. The Panchayats are responsible for a wide range of services, including education, health, sanitation, and agriculture. However, they receive very little funding from the state government. This means that they have to rely on local taxes and user fees to finance their operations. This can be a major problem, as many Panchayats are located in rural areas with low levels of economic activity. As a result, they often have difficulty raising enough revenue to meet their needs.
Limited capacity is another major challenge for Kerala’s Panchayats. The Panchayats are responsible for a wide range of services, but they often lack the capacity to deliver these services effectively. This is due to a number of factors, including a lack of qualified staff, a lack of resources, and a lack of experience. As a result, the Panchayats often struggle to provide basic services to their residents.
Political interference is another major challenge for Kerala’s Panchayats. The Panchayats are supposed to be autonomous bodies, but they are often subject to political interference from the state government and from local political parties. This can make it difficult for the Panchayats to function effectively.
All of these challenges make it difficult for Kerala’s Panchayats to deliver basic services to their residents. This can have a negative impact on the quality of life in rural areas.