The correct answer is: A. Financial management.
Financial management is the process of planning, organizing, and controlling a company’s finances. It includes activities such as budgeting, forecasting, cash management, and investment management. The goal of financial management is to maximize the company’s value for its shareholders.
Profit maximization is the goal of a company that seeks to make as much money as possible. This can be achieved by increasing sales, reducing costs, or both. However, profit maximization is not always the best goal for a company. For example, a company may choose to focus on market share or customer satisfaction instead of profit.
Agency theory is a theory that explains the relationship between principals and agents. Principals are people who hire agents to act on their behalf. Agents are people who are hired to act on behalf of principals. Agency theory is concerned with the problem of moral hazard, which is the problem that agents may not always act in the best interests of their principals.
Social responsibility is the idea that companies should consider the impact of their actions on society. This can include things like environmental protection, employee welfare, and community development. Social responsibility is often seen as a way to improve a company’s reputation and attract customers.