_________ is a practice of clearing and burning the forest area for cultivation of crops for 3-4 years and shifting.

The correct answer is A. Jhum cultivation.

Jhum cultivation is a traditional agricultural practice in which farmers clear a piece of forest, burn the vegetation, and then plant crops on the ash-enriched soil. The land is cultivated for a few years, and then the farmers move on to clear a new piece of forest, leaving the old land to regenerate.

Jhum cultivation is a sustainable practice when it is done on a small scale. However, when it is done on a large scale, it can lead to deforestation and environmental degradation.

Here is a brief explanation of each option:

• A. Jhum cultivation is a traditional agricultural practice in which farmers clear a piece of forest, burn the vegetation, and then plant crops on the ash-enriched soil. The land is cultivated for a few years, and then the farmers move on to clear a new piece of forest, leaving the old land to regenerate.
• B. Horticulture is the science and art of growing fruits, vegetables, flowers, and ornamental plants. It includes the cultivation of plants for food, medicine, and other purposes.
• C. Taungya cultivation is a system of agroforestry in which farmers plant crops and trees together. The trees provide shade and windbreaks for the crops, and the crops provide nutrients for the trees.
• D. Agrisilviculture is a system of agriculture in which trees are grown in conjunction with crops or livestock. The trees provide a variety of benefits, such as shade, windbreaks, erosion control, and habitat for wildlife.