The process of degradation of humus by some microorganisms and release

The process of degradation of humus by some microorganisms and release of inorganic nutrients is known as

eutrophication
mineralization
humification
stratification
This question was previously asked in
UPSC CISF-AC-EXE – 2024
The correct answer is B) mineralization.
Mineralization is the process by which organic matter, such as humus, is decomposed by microorganisms into inorganic nutrients (minerals) like nitrates, phosphates, and sulfates. These inorganic nutrients are then available for uptake by plants.
Humification is the process of formation of humus, a stable form of organic matter, from the decomposition of plant and animal residues. Eutrophication is the enrichment of water bodies with nutrients. Stratification refers to the layering of soil or water bodies. Mineralization is a key part of nutrient cycling in ecosystems.