Under which one of the following situations may dispersal of assembly

Under which one of the following situations may dispersal of assembly by use of civil force not be commanded by any Executive Magistrate or Officer-in-Charge of a police station ?

For dispersal of an unlawful assembly
Assembly of five or more persons likely to cause a disturbance of public peace
Assembly of five or more persons likely to invite more persons to join
The assembly conduct itself in such a manner as to show a determination not to disperse
This question was previously asked in
UPSC CISF-AC-EXE – 2022
Dispersal of assembly by use of civil force may not be commanded by an Executive Magistrate or Officer-in-Charge of a police station merely because an assembly of five or more persons is likely to invite more persons to join.
– Section 129(1) of CrPC empowers an Executive Magistrate or Officer-in-Charge of a police station to command dispersal of an unlawful assembly, or any assembly of five or more persons likely to cause a disturbance of the public peace.
– Option A (unlawful assembly) and Option B (assembly of five or more persons likely to cause a disturbance of public peace) are explicit grounds for commanding dispersal.
– Option D describes a situation after a command has been given, which may lead to the use of force, but the initial command is based on the assembly being unlawful or likely to disturb public peace.
– Option C, assembly likely to invite more persons to join, is not a direct ground for ordering dispersal using civil force under Section 129(1) unless this gathering or its potential increase also makes it unlawful or likely to cause a disturbance of public peace.
– Section 129 of CrPC pertains to the use of civil force to disperse assemblies. If an assembly, after being commanded to disperse, does not disperse, or conducts itself in a manner showing a determination not to disperse, the Magistrate or Officer-in-Charge may proceed to disperse it by force (Section 129(2)).