The organic component of soil, formed by the decomposition of leaves a

The organic component of soil, formed by the decomposition of leaves and other plant materials that adds to the fertility of the soil is called :

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Humus.

Top soil.

B-horizon.

Mineralization.

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UPSC CISF-AC-EXE – 2022

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Humus is the stable organic component of soil that results from the decomposition of dead plant and animal matter by microorganisms.

Humus is dark in color, rich in nutrients essential for plant growth, and significantly improves soil structure, water retention, and aeration. It is a key indicator of soil fertility.

Top soil (A-horizon) is the uppermost layer of soil, typically the richest in organic matter (including humus) and biological activity. B-horizon (subsoil) is below the topsoil and generally contains less organic matter but may accumulate minerals leached from the A-horizon. Mineralization is a process of decomposition where organic matter is broken down into inorganic substances, releasing nutrients, but it refers to the process, not the organic component itself.

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