Which one of the following does *not* fall under the category 'Biometr

Which one of the following does *not* fall under the category ‘Biometrics’, meant for personal identification related to access control?

Card Reader and Card

Iris

Fingerprint

Handwriting

Answer is Right!

Answer is Wrong!

This question was previously asked in

UPSC CISF-AC-EXE – 2021

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Biometrics refers to methods of recognizing a person based on their unique physical or behavioral characteristics. Iris recognition, fingerprint scanning, and handwriting analysis (signature dynamics or forensic analysis) are all forms of biometrics. A card reader and card system, however, is a token-based access control system. The card is a physical object (token) that the person possesses, and the reader verifies the information stored on the card. The identification is based on possession of the token, not on a unique characteristic of the person themselves.

Biometric identification uses inherent personal characteristics (like iris, fingerprint, voice, face), whereas token-based systems rely on possessing an object (like a card or key).

Biometric systems offer a higher level of security than simple token-based systems as biometric characteristics are difficult to forge or transfer. However, they also raise privacy concerns. Access control systems can be purely token-based, purely biometric, or use a combination of methods (e.g., card + PIN, card + fingerprint).

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