A finds a ring belonging to Z on a table in Z’s house. A dishonestly r

A finds a ring belonging to Z on a table in Z’s house. A dishonestly removes the ring. A has committed the offence of

criminal breach of trust
extortion
theft
misappropriation of property
This question was previously asked in
UPSC CISF-AC-EXE – 2019
A finds a ring belonging to Z on a table in Z’s house and dishonestly removes it. The ring is movable property. It is in Z’s possession (even though on a table in his house). A takes it out of Z’s possession without Z’s consent and with a dishonest intention (implied by ‘dishonestly removes’). This perfectly fits the definition of theft under Section 378 of the Indian Penal Code (IPC).
– Theft requires dishonest taking of movable property out of the possession of another person without consent.
– Property found within someone’s house is considered to be in their possession.
– Dishonest intention is a key element.
Criminal breach of trust (Section 405 IPC) requires entrustment of property. Extortion (Section 383 IPC) involves inducing delivery of property by putting someone in fear. Misappropriation of property (Section 403 IPC) applies when someone dishonestly misappropriates or converts property to their own use, often after lawfully coming into its possession (e.g., finding lost property and then deciding to keep it dishonestly). While dishonest misappropriation is involved, the act of taking the ring from Z’s possession in his house without consent constitutes theft first and foremost.