Kingdom Monera includes

[amp_mcq option1=”Euglenoids and Protozoans” option2=”Archaebacteria and Eubacteria” option3=”Fungi and Phycomycetes” option4=”Basidiomycetes and Deuteromycetes” correct=”option2″]

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UPSC CISF-AC-EXE – 2018

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Kingdom Monera includes Archaebacteria and Eubacteria.

– The Kingdom Monera is a biological kingdom composed of prokaryotic organisms, which are single-celled organisms that lack a membrane-bound nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles.
– This kingdom traditionally included all bacteria. In modern classification systems (like the three-domain system), Monera is split into two domains: Archaea (Archaebacteria) and Bacteria (Eubacteria). However, in the older five-kingdom system (Whittaker’s classification), Monera encompassed both groups.
– Euglenoids and Protozoans belong to the Kingdom Protista (unicellular eukaryotes).
– Fungi, Phycomycetes, Basidiomycetes, and Deuteromycetes belong to the Kingdom Fungi (multicellular or unicellular eukaryotes, heterotrophic).

The classification of life into kingdoms has evolved over time. The five-kingdom system (Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia) is widely taught but has been partly superseded by the three-domain system (Archaea, Bacteria, Eukarya) based on genetic analysis. Under the three-domain system, Monera as a single kingdom is obsolete, but the components (Archaea and Bacteria) align with the older Archaebacteria and Eubacteria.

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