With reference to the history of India, "Ulgulan" or the Great Tumult

With reference to the history of India, “Ulgulan” or the Great Tumult is the description of which of the following events?

The Revolt of 1857

The Mappila Rebellion of 1921

The Indigo Revolt of 1859 - 60

Birsa Munda's Revolt of 1899 - 1900

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This question was previously asked in

UPSC IAS – 2020

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“Ulgulan,” meaning “Great Tumult” or “Great Commotion,” is the term used to describe the Munda Rebellion led by Birsa Munda against the British Raj and the exploitation by zamindars and moneylenders (‘Dikus’) in the Chota Nagpur region of present-day Jharkhand. The revolt took place primarily between 1899 and 1900.

“Ulgulan” is synonymous with the Munda Rebellion led by tribal leader Birsa Munda.

The Revolt of 1857 (A) is known by various names like Sepoy Mutiny or First War of Independence. The Mappila Rebellion of 1921 (B) was an uprising in Malabar, Kerala. The Indigo Revolt of 1859-60 (C) was a peasant uprising against indigo planters in Bengal. “Ulgulan” specifically refers to the widespread rebellion led by Birsa Munda, focusing on tribal rights, land issues, and resistance against colonial rule and outsiders.

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