What is Cas9 protein that is often mentioned in news?

[amp_mcq option1=”A molecular scissors used in targeted gene editing” option2=”A biosensor used in the accurate detection of pathogens in patients” option3=”A gene that makes plants pest-resistant” option4=”A herbicidal substance synthesized in genetically modified crops” correct=”option1″]

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UPSC IAS – 2019

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The correct option is A. Cas9 protein is a key component used in targeted gene editing.

Cas9 (CRISPR-associated protein 9) is an enzyme that acts as a molecular scissors. It is guided by an RNA molecule to a specific location on a DNA strand and makes a precise cut. This makes it a fundamental tool in the CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing system.

The CRISPR-Cas9 system has revolutionized molecular biology and genetic engineering by providing a relatively simple, fast, and inexpensive way to modify genes. It allows scientists to precisely edit DNA sequences, enabling potential applications in treating genetic diseases, developing new crops, and fundamental biological research.
B) While gene editing tools *could* potentially be involved in developing biosensors, Cas9 itself is not primarily a biosensor.
C) Cas9 is a tool for editing genes, not a gene that confers pest resistance directly, although it could be used to insert or modify genes to make plants pest-resistant.
D) Cas9 is a protein used for DNA modification, not a herbicidal substance.

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