With reference to the food chains in ecosystems, which of the followin

With reference to the food chains in ecosystems, which of the following kinds of organism is/are known as decomposer organism/organisms?

Virus
Fungi
Bacteria

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1 only

2 and 3 only

1 and 3 only

1, 2 and 3

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This question was previously asked in

UPSC IAS – 2013

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Fungi and Bacteria are the primary decomposers in most ecosystems. They break down dead organic matter, returning nutrients to the environment. Viruses are not decomposers; they are parasitic and reproduce within host cells.

Decomposers are organisms that break down dead or decaying organisms, and in doing so, they carry out the natural process of decomposition. They play a vital role in nutrient cycling, making essential nutrients available to producers (plants).

Decomposition is a critical part of the food web. While fungi and bacteria are the main decomposers, detritivores (like earthworms, beetles, and millipedes) also contribute by physically breaking down organic matter, which increases the surface area for fungi and bacteria to act upon.

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