Consider the following statements : 1. An amendment to the Constitut

Consider the following statements :

  • 1. An amendment to the Constitution of India can be initiated by an introduction of a bill in the Lok Sabha only.
  • 2. If such an amendment seeks to make changes in the federal character of the Constitution, the amendment also requires to be ratified by the legislature of all the States of India.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

1 only
2 only
Both 1 and 2
Neither 1 nor 2
This question was previously asked in
UPSC IAS – 2013
The correct option is D, as neither statement 1 nor statement 2 is correct.
– Statement 1 is incorrect. An amendment to the Constitution of India can be initiated by the introduction of a bill in *either* House of Parliament (Lok Sabha or Rajya Sabha), not just the Lok Sabha. (Article 368)
– Statement 2 is incorrect. If an amendment seeks to make changes in the federal character of the Constitution (e.g., matters relating to the distribution of legislative powers, representation of states in Parliament), it requires ratification by the legislatures of *not less than one-half* of the States, not all the States. (Proviso to Article 368(2))
Article 368 outlines the power of Parliament to amend the Constitution and the procedure thereof. Amendments requiring special majority in Parliament + ratification by half of the states include those affecting Article 54 (Election of President), Article 55 (Manner of election of President), Article 73 (Extent of executive power of Union), Article 162 (Extent of executive power of State), Chapter IV of Part V (The Union Judiciary), Chapter V of Part VI (The High Courts in the States), Chapter I of Part XI (Legislative relations between Union and States), any of the Lists in the Seventh Schedule, the representation of States in Parliament, and the provisions of Article 368 itself.