For protein synthesis, the amino acids are recognized and carried by :

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mRNA

snRNA

miRNA

tRNA

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UPSC CAPF – 2023

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Transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules are essential components of protein synthesis (translation). Each tRNA molecule has an anticodon loop that recognizes and binds to a specific codon on the messenger RNA (mRNA). At the other end, the tRNA is attached to a specific amino acid corresponding to that codon. Thus, tRNAs act as adapters, bringing the correct amino acid to the ribosome for incorporation into the growing polypeptide chain based on the mRNA sequence.

– Protein synthesis involves mRNA, ribosomes, and tRNA.
– mRNA carries the genetic code (codons).
– tRNA carries the specific amino acid corresponding to an mRNA codon and recognizes the codon via its anticodon.

Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is a structural and catalytic component of ribosomes, where protein synthesis takes place. snRNA (small nuclear RNA) is involved in splicing, while miRNA (microRNA) and siRNA (small interfering RNA) are involved in post-transcriptional gene regulation. None of these directly recognize codons and carry amino acids for translation.

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