The Ninth Schedule was added to the Constitution of India by the

Fourteenth Amendment

First Amendment

Ninety-Third Amendment

Ninety-Ninth Amendment

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UPSC CAPF – 2017

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The Ninth Schedule was added to the Constitution of India by the First Amendment Act, 1951.

The First Amendment was enacted to address issues related to fundamental rights, particularly the right to property and freedom of speech, which had been challenged in courts.

The Ninth Schedule was created to protect laws placed within it from judicial review on the grounds that they violate fundamental rights. Initially, it included laws related to land reforms. Over time, various other laws were added to it. However, the Supreme Court later ruled that laws placed in the Ninth Schedule after April 24, 1973 (the date of the Kesavananda Bharati judgment) are open to judicial scrutiny if they violate the basic structure of the Constitution.

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