Who among the following divided governments into 'Republican', 'Monarc

Who among the following divided governments into ‘Republican’, ‘Monarchical’ and ‘Despotic’?

Aristotle

Hobbes

Montesquieu

St. Augustine

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This question was previously asked in

UPSC CAPF – 2016

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Charles-Louis de Secondat, Baron de La Brède et de Montesquieu, a French political philosopher, in his influential work ‘The Spirit of the Laws’ (1748), provided a classification of governments into three main types: Republics (subdivided into democracies and aristocracies), Monarchies, and Despotisms. This classification was based on the principle underlying the government (virtue for republic, honour for monarchy, fear for despotism) and the nature of rule.

– Montesquieu classified governments into Republics, Monarchies, and Despotisms in ‘The Spirit of the Laws’.
– This classification is based on the principles and nature of the respective governments.

– Aristotle’s classification was based on the number of rulers and their purpose (Monarchy/Tyranny, Aristocracy/Oligarchy, Polity/Democracy).
– Thomas Hobbes discussed the state of nature and advocated for an absolute sovereign.
– St. Augustine’s political thought was deeply integrated with his theological views, discussing the City of God versus the City of Man.

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