Which of the following statements about the Bhakti movement is/are cor

Which of the following statements about the Bhakti movement is/are correct?

  • 1. The Bhakti movement evolved as a homogeneous movement.
  • 2. The Bhakti movement helped to bridge the gulf between Hinduism and Islam.
  • 3. The Bhakti movement rescued Hinduism from the challenges of its own complexities.

Select the correct answer using the code given below :

1 only
2 and 3
2 only
3 only
This question was previously asked in
UPSC CAPF – 2011
Statements 2 and 3 about the Bhakti movement are correct, while statement 1 is incorrect.
1. The Bhakti movement was not a homogeneous movement. It spanned several centuries, regions, and diverse social groups, involving various saints with differing philosophies, practices, and focuses (Saguna/Nirguna, Vaishnava/Shaiva, etc.). Thus, statement 1 is incorrect.
2. Many Bhakti saints preached messages of equality, universalism, and devotion to a single God, which helped foster mutual understanding and bridge gaps between Hindus and Muslims, even leading to syncretic traditions. Thus, statement 2 is correct.
3. The Bhakti movement simplified religion, emphasizing personal devotion and challenging caste hierarchies and elaborate rituals. This made Hinduism more accessible to the masses and helped it respond to internal complexities and external challenges. Thus, statement 3 is correct.
Key figures in the Bhakti movement included Kabir, Nanak, Chaitanya, Shankaradeva, Ramananda, Mirabai, Surdas, Tulsidas, Tukaram, and many others, reflecting its diverse nature and widespread influence across India.