The irregularity in the amount of rainfall in different parts of north

The irregularity in the amount of rainfall in different parts of north Indian plains is mainly due to :

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irregular intensity of low pressure in the north-western parts of India.

variation in the location of the axis of low pressure trough.

difference in frequency of cyclones.

variation in the amount of moisture carried by winds every year.

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This question was previously asked in

UPSC CAPF – 2010

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During the Indian monsoon, rainfall over the North Indian plains is heavily influenced by the position of the monsoon trough, an elongated low-pressure area. The axis of this trough oscillates north and south. When the trough is located over the central plains, it brings widespread rain. When it shifts towards the foothills of the Himalayas (known as a “break” in the monsoon), rainfall decreases significantly over the plains and concentrates in the Himalayan region. Variations in the location and movement of this trough axis from year to year, and even within a season, are the primary reason for the irregularity in the amount and distribution of rainfall across different parts of the North Indian plains.

The shifting position of the monsoon trough axis is the main factor causing spatial variations in rainfall across the North Indian plains.

Other factors like the passage of monsoon depressions forming in the Bay of Bengal also contribute to rainfall, but the general pattern of distribution across the plains during the season is most strongly linked to the dynamic position of the monsoon trough.

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